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Shakespeare and linguistic variation

Posts on genre, DocuScope, and the linguistic texture of Shakespeare’s plays, much of it written with Jonathan Hope over more than a decade of collaboration.

  • A Genre Map of Shakespeare’s Plays from the First Folio (1623)

    Michael Witmore · July 8, 2009

    The following image, produced using the statistical package R, represents the position of the plays from Shakespeare’s First Folio according patterns discerned using inferential statistics. The plays themselves were…

  • Comic Twelfth Night, Tragic Othello? (Part I)

    Michael Witmore · August 2, 2009

    Twelfth Night is one of the classic Shakespearean comedies and so it is unsurprising that it appears in the Comedy quadrant that we obtained in our initial analysis. What is it about the language in this play that…

  • Comic Twelfth Night, Tragic Othello (Part 2)

    Michael Witmore · August 6, 2009

    Here is a second comic exchange from Twelfth Night . Maria’s plan has worked wonderfully. Malvolio has arrived cross-gartered and is quoting to Olivia little bits of the love letter he believes she has written to him.…

  • Comic Twelfth Night, Tragic Othello (Part III)

    Michael Witmore · September 9, 2009

    One of the aims of this kind of work is to find new things to think about or appreciate in texts that have been analyzed with traditional methods of literary criticism. But one does not always need an outside prompt…

  • Love’s Labour’s Lost: The History

    Michael Witmore · July 31, 2009

    This passage from the Open Source Shakespeare’s Love’s Labour’s Lost shows language patterns that push the play into the area where the Histories cluster, something visible in the scatterplot discussed below . Returning…

  • More Shakespeare Outliers

    Michael Witmore · September 11, 2009

    I’ve expanded the labels here on our PCA scatterplot in order to see a few more items. Several things worth thinking about here: • Late Plays are clustering in neither the Comedy nor the History quadrants explored in…

  • Docuscope Goes Live on Shakespeare Quarterly Open Peer Review

    Michael Witmore · May 27, 2010

    Jonathan Hope and I have written a new piece that we submitted to the special issue of Shakespeare Quarterly on “Shakespeare and New Media.” The essay cleared the first stage of editorial review, and is now posted at…

  • Shakespeare Quarterly Article Goes Live

    Michael Witmore · December 17, 2010

    I’ve just received word that our piece in Shakespeare Quarterly has gone online via JSTOR . The illustrations for the paper copy of the article are monochrome (with the exception of the cover), while there are color…

  • Text: A Massively Addressable Object

    Michael Witmore · January 3, 2011

    Phone Book Dress by Jolis PaonsFirst At the Working Group for Digital Inquiry at Wisconsin, we’ve just begun our first experiment with a new order of magnitude of texts. Hope and I started working with 36 items about 6…

  • Phylogenetic inference

    Jonathan Hope · October 21, 2011

    Image by Greg McInerny and Stefanie Posavec – textual shifts between editions of Darwin’s Origin of Species (used by kind permission of the artist – see bottom of post for further details). In advance of starting up…

  • The very strange language of A Midsummer Night’s Dream

    Jonathan Hope · February 14, 2012

    I just got back from a fun and very educative trip to Shakespeare’s Globe in London, hosted by Dr Farah Karim-Cooper, who is director of research there. The Globe stages an annual production aimed at schools (45,000…

  • Shakespeare’s mythic vocabulary – and his invisible grammar

    Michael Witmore · April 14, 2012

    Universities in the UK are under pressure to demonstrate the ‘impact’ of their research. In many ways, this is fair enough: public taxes account for the vast majority of UK University income, so it is reasonable for the…

  • What happens in Hamlet?

    Jonathan Hope · January 29, 2013

    We perform digital analysis on literary texts not to answer questions, but to generate questions. The questions digital analysis can answer are generally not ‘interesting’ in a humanist sense: but the questions digital…

  • Hamlet in five words

    Jonathan Hope · May 7, 2014

    Farah Karim-Cooper asked us to write something for the Globe to Globe Hamlet site. Here it is.

  • Quantification and the language of later Shakespeare

    Michael Witmore · July 8, 2014

    The written version of a paper we gave in Paris last year (2013) has just been published by the Société française Shakespeare. Here is the paper (which is in English), and here are the citation details: Pour citer cet…

  • Digital approaches to the language of Shakespearean Tragedy

    Eric Alexander and Michael Witmore · October 23, 2014

    This post supplies data and further diagrams for Digital approaches to Shakespearean tragedy to be published in the forthcoming Oxford Handbook of Shakespearean Tragedy , edited by Michael Neill and David Schalkwyk. You…

  • Finding “Distances” Between Shakespeare’s Plays 1

    Michael Witmore · July 6, 2015

    In honor of the latest meeting of our NEH sponsored Folger workshop, Early Modern Digital Agendas, I wanted to start a series of posts about how we find “distances” between texts in quantitative terms, and about what…

  • Finding “Distances” Between Shakespeare’s Plays 2: Projecting Distances onto New Bases with PCA

    Beth Ralston and Jonathan Hope · July 9, 2015

    It’s hard to conceive of distance measured in anything other than a straight line. The biplot below, for example, shows the scores of Shakespeare’s plays on the two Docuscope LATs discussed in the previous post ,…